Recycling of platinum from waste precious metal materials in laboratories
CHENG Xiang-en1,2, LAI Jia-yi3, YAO Yong-sheng1, BAN Jun-sheng1 WANG Feng2, WANG Lin*4
1. Henan Nonferrous Metal Mineral Exploration Engineering Research Center, Zhengzhou 450016, China; 2. Henan Province Non-ferrous Metals Geological Mineral Resources Bureau No.6 Geological Unit Team, Zhengzhou 450016, China; 3. No.2 Institute of Geological & Mineral Resources Survey of Henan, Zhengzhou 450000, China; 4. Henan Province Rock & Mineral Testing Centre, Zhengzhou 450012, China
Abstract：The platinum-containing consumables used in the laboratory may cause loss, denaturation or functional failure in long-term use. The shelving or discarding might cause great waste. Therefore, platinum was usually recycled in industry using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent. Compared to sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride had some advantages such as high decomposition temperature, good stability and safety performance in the use. Combined with the secondary precipitation method of ammonium chloride, a method for recovering platinum from the waste platinum-containing consumables in the laboratory was established by potassium borohydride reduction-ammonium chloride precipitation in experiments. In order to obtain pure metallic platinum, the impurity elements were separated by nitric acid. Then platinum was dissolved with aqua regia. The nitrogen oxides were removed repeatedly using hydrochloric acid, so that platinum was fully converted into chloroplatinic acid. In 5% (V/V) hydrochloric acid medium at 40℃, potassium borohydride was used to reduce the chloroplatinic acid and little platinic oxide which was hardly dissolved in aqua regia. The platinum black was dissolved in aqua regia and completely converted to chloroplatinic acid, which was then converted to the yellow ammonium chloroplatinate precipitate by reaction with excess ammonium chloride. After aging overnight, the ammonium chloroplatinate was decomposed by slowly increasing the temperature. After calcination at 750℃ and 900℃, the loose metallic platinum powder and denser metallic platinum were obtained, respectively. The contents of residual platinum ions in secondary precipitation solutions were all less than 20μg/mL. The purity of the recovered platinum was not less than 99.9%. The recoveries were greater than 99.5%.
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CHENG Xiang-en, LAI Jia-yi, YAO Yong-sheng, BAN Jun-sheng WANG Feng, WANG Lin. Recycling of platinum from waste precious metal materials in laboratories. , 2020, 40(9): 75-81.
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