Abstract：The pipeline steel, wheel steel and easy-cutting steel were used as research objectives. The effect of magnification, image resolution, acquisition time and guard zone setting on the analysis results of non-metallic inclusions in steel was studied during the automatic statistical analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The difference of analytical results of inclusions was compared under different conditions including focusing status, electric beam status, calibration level and grey threshold. The aim was to optimize the instrumental parameters and improve the accuracy of automatic statistical analysis of inclusions. The results showed that the number of detected inclusions increased accordingly when the magnification increased from 100 and 200 to 500. The increment of inclusions less than 2μm occupied for over 80%. The number of inclusions at magnification of 500 was about twice of that at magnification of 200. However, the testing time greatly increased by 5.6 times when the magnification increased from 200 to 500. When the image resolution increased from 512 and 1024 to 2048, the number of detected inclusions increased for several times. The increment of inclusions less than 2μm occupied for about 60%. Meanwhile, the testing time was prolonged insignificantly. It was found that the prolonging of acquisition time, the setting of guard zone, good focus status and beam current compensation at regular time intervals were advantageous to improving the accuracy of analytical results of inclusions. The calibration level of Al-40 and Fe-200 was recommended for common steels. Two grey thresholds could be adopted for the steels containing rare earth inclusions.
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