Influence factors discussion on detection of inclusions by scanning electron microscope
ZHANG Shu-lan1, XU Hai-feng1,2, DU Min1, WANG Hui1, WANG Chang*1
1. Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,Beijing 100081,China 2. College of Materials Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China
Abstract：The effects of parameter setting on detection of inclusions by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were investigated. The influences of magnification time, searching grid size, accelerating voltage and working distance on measured dimension and quantity of inclusions were discussed. The results showed that the average quantity of detected inclusions decreased with the decrease of magnification time and searching grid. Meanwhile, the average size of inclusions increased. The average size and minimum size of inclusions in experimental steel was about 4 μm and 1 μm, respectively, under the following conditions: the magnification time was reduced to about 100 times, the searching grid was 512×512, the accelerating voltage was 25 kV and the working distance was 17.5 mm. Secondly, with the increase of working distance and the decrease of accelerating voltage, the quantity of detected inclusions increased while the average size decreased. It was because that the resolution of images was improved with the increase of working distance and the decrease of accelerating voltage. Therefore, many small inclusions and precipitates could be detected in test process. In other words, for the detection of tiny inclusions and precipitates, the working distance should be increased or the working voltage should be decreased. Particularly, during the accurate detection of very tiny MnS inclusions, the working distance should be increased to 20.5 mm or the accelerating voltage was decreased to less than 15 kV. The experiments with different settings of measurement area indicated that the determination results were more reliable and representative when the detection area was higher than 20 mm2 for the proposed test material.
张淑兰, 徐海峰, 杜敏, 王辉, 王昌. 扫描电镜测定夹杂物的影响因素探讨[J]. 冶金分析, 2017, 37(12): 7-14.
ZHANG Shu-lan, XU Hai-feng, DU Min, WANG Hui, WANG Chang. Influence factors discussion on detection of inclusions by scanning electron microscope. , 2017, 37(12): 7-14.
XU H F,YU F,WANG C,et al.Comparison of microstructure and property of high chromium bearing steel with and without nitrogen addition[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,International,2017,24(2):206-213.
[2]
徐海峰,曹文全,俞峰,等.国内外高氮马氏体不锈轴承钢研究现状与发展[J].钢铁,2017,52(1):47-57.XU Hai-feng,CAO Wen-quan,YU Feng,et al.Current research status and development of domestic and foreign high nitrogen martensitic stainless bearing steel[J].Iron and Steel,2017,52(1):47-57.
[3]
Piva S P T,Kumar D, Pistorius P C.Modeling manganese silicate inclusion composition changes during ladle treatment using factsage macros[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2017,48(1):37-45.
[4]
Bartosiaki B G,Pereira J A M, Bielefeldt W V,et al.Assessment of inclusion analysis via manual and automated SEM and total oxygen content of steel[J].Journal of Materials Research and Technology,2015,4(3):235-240.
[5]
张毅,缪乐德,王国栋,等.低合金钢中非金属夹杂物的综合表征[J].冶金分析,2011,31(7):1-12.ZHANG Yi,MIAO Le-de,WANG Guo-dong,et al.Synthetical characterization of non-metallic inclusions in low alloy steel[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2011,31(7):1-12.
[6]
张学伟,张立峰,杨文,等.非金属夹杂物三维形貌及其包裹的非夹杂物颗粒物来源分析[J].冶金分析,2016,36(11):1-10.ZHANG Xue-wei,ZHANG Li-feng,YANG Wen,et al.Three-dimensional morphology of non-metallic inclusions and the source analysis of wrapped non-inclusion particles[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2016,36(11):1-10.
[7]
于会香,邵肖静,张静,等.采用ASPEX 扫描电镜研究钢中总氧和非金属夹杂物的定量关系[J].工程科学学报,2015(S1):35-44.YU Hui-xiang,SHAO Xiao-jing,ZHANG Jing,et al.Study on the quantitative relationship between total oxygen content and non-metallic inclusion in steel with ASPEX SEM[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2015(S1):35-44.
[8]
吴华杰,郭浩,魏崇一,等.高品质轴承钢LF-VD过程非金属夹杂物演变规律[J].北京科技大学学报,2016,38(S1):206-212.WU Hua-jie,GUO Hao,WEI Chong-yi,et al.Evolution rules of inclusions in high quality bearing steel produced by LF-VD process[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2016,38(S1):206-212.
[9]
赵海,陈讲彪.ASPEX定量分析CL60车轮非金属夹杂物的研究[J].安徽冶金,2016(3):30-32.ZHAO Hai,CHEN Jiang-biao.Quantitative analysis of non-metallic inclusions in CL60 wheel with ASPEX[J].Anhui Metallurgy,2016(3):30-32.
[10]
杨叠,王新华,秦颐鸣,等.BOF-LF-CSP工艺低碳铝镇静钢精炼过程的夹杂物变化[J].工程科学学报,2013,35(5):580-585.YANG Die,WANG Xin-hua,QIN Yi-ming,et al.Evolution of inclusions during refining in low carbon Al-killed steel produced by BOF-LF-CSP process[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2013,35(5):580-585.
[11]
Kawahara J,Tanabe K,Banno T,et al.Advance of valve spring steel[J].Wire J Int.,1992,11:55-61.
[12]
王刘涛,王海川,徐飞,等.42CrMoV紧固件用钢显微组织及夹杂物的分析[J].北京科技大学学报,2016,38(s1):134-138.WANG Liu-tao,WANG Hai-chuan,XU Fei,et al.Analysis research on microstructure and inclusions of 42CrMoV bolt[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2016,38(s1):134-138.
[13]
周萌,姜敏,苑鹏,等.超低碳钢连铸坯厚度方向大尺寸夹杂物分布特征[J].炼钢,2016,32(2):60-63.ZHOU Meng,JIANG Min,YUAN Peng,et al.Characterization of large inclusions along the thickness direction in the ultra-low carbon steel slab[J].Steel Making,2016,32(2):60-63.
