Abstract：Precious metals have good corrosion resistance, stable thermoelectricity, high temperature oxidation resistance and good catalytic properties, so they are widely used in various fields of the national economy. Due to the increasing demand for precious metals year by year and the extremely low content of precious metals in primary and secondary resources, the separation and enrichment technology in the analysis of precious metals continues to develop towards the direction of trace and ultra-trace. The research progress of separation and enrichment technology in the analysis of trace precious metals at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed. The separation and enrichment methods such as fire assay, coprecipitation, adsorption separation and solvent extraction were summarized. The existing problems were analyzed and discussed. Moreover, the development trend in future was also prospected. It was proposed that the principle of the existing separation and enrichment technologies should be deeply studied from multiple angles, and new technologies for the separation and enrichment of precious metals suitable for instrumental analysis should be constantly developed. At the same time, the research on the separation and enrichment methods of rhodium, iridium, ruthenium and osmium should be strengthened.
王楠, 周宇, 任士远, 陈明丽, 刘西. 分离富集技术在痕量贵金属分析中的应用与进展[J]. 冶金分析, 2022, 42(12): 12-22.
WANG Nan, ZHOU Yu, REN Shiyuan, CHEN Mingli, LIU Xi. Application and progress of separation and enrichment technology in the analysis of trace precious metal. , 2022, 42(12): 12-22.
[1] 王海舟.冶金前沿分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2004. [2] 王烨,于亚辉,王琳,等.地质样品中贵金属元素的预处理方法研究进展[J].岩矿测试,2020,39(1):15-29. WANG Ye,YU Yahui,WANG Lin,et al.Research progress on pretreatment methods for analysis of precious metal elements in geological samples[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2020,39(1):15-29. [3] 中华人民共和国国家市场监督管理总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 20899.1—2019 金矿石化学分析方法第一部分:金量的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2019. [4] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 3884.14—2012 铜精矿化学分析方法 第14部分:金和银量测定 火试金重量法和原子吸收光谱法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012. [5] 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部.YS/T 1512.8—2021铜冶炼烟尘化学分析方法 第8部分:银和金含量的测定 火焰原子吸收光谱法和火试金法[S].北京:冶金工业出版社,2021. [6] 中华人民共和国工业和信息化部.YS/T 1348.1—2020 铅冶炼分银渣化学分析方法 第1部分:金和银含量的测定 火试金法[S].北京:冶金工业出版社,2020. [7] 中华人民共和国国土资源部.DZ/T 0279.12—2016 区域地球化学样品分析方法 第12部分:铂、钯和金量测定 火试金富集-发射光谱法[S].北京:地质出版社,2016. [8] 安徽省市场监督管理局.DB 34/T 3254—2018 贵金属熔炼渣回收氯氧化铋化学分析方法 金、银含量的测定 火试金法[S].安徽:安徽省有色金属标准化技术委员会,2018. [9] 安徽省质量技术监督局.DB 34/T 1968—2013 冷杂铜中金、银含量的测定 火试金重量法[S].安徽:安徽省有色金属标准化技术委员会,2013. [10] ISO 10378-2016.Copper,lead and zinc sulfide concentrates-Determination of gold and silver-fire assay gravimetric and flame atomic absorption spectrometric method[S].Geneva: International Organization for Standardization,2016. [11] BS ISO 10378-2016.Copper,lead and zinc sulfide concentrates-Determination of gold and silver-fire assay gravimetric and flame atomic absorption spectrometric method[S].London: British Standards Institution,2016. [12] ASTM E1805-2007.Standard test method for fire assay-Determination of gold in copper concentrates by gravimetry[S].Philadelphia:American Society for Testing and Materials,2007. [13] ASTM E400-1997.Standard test method for analysis of ores, minerals, and rocks by the fire assay preconcentration optical emission spectroscopy[S].Philadelphia:American Society for Testing and Materials,1997. [14] 姚明星,毛香菊,郭晓瑞,等.银保护灰吹铅试金-高分辨率连续光源火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铁粉中痕量金[J].冶金分析,2022,42(8):48-54. YAO Mingxing,MAO Xiangju,GUO Xiaorui,et al.Determination of trace gold in iron powder by high resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry with silver protection cupellation lead assay enrichment[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2022,42(8):48-54. [15] 孙启亮,毛香菊,郭晓瑞,等.铅试金富集-高分辨率连续光源石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量金铂钯[J].冶金分析,2021,41(7):10-16. SUN Qiliang,MAO Xiangju,GUO Xiaorui,et al.Determination of trace gold,platinum and palladium in geological samples by lead fire assay pre-concentration high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2021,41(7):10-16. [16] NI W S,MAO X J,ZHANG H L,et al.Lead fire assay preconcentration and high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of ultra-trace amounts of Au,Ir,Pd,Pt and Rh in rocks and minerals[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2019,158:105643. [17] NI W S,MAO X J,ZHANG H L,et al.Matrix-matched multi-external standards combined internal standard calibration strategy for the simultaneous determination of ultra-trace Au,Pt and Pd in geochemical samples by LA-ICP-MS after lead fire assay preconcentration[J].Microchemical Journal,2021,170:106724. [18] Masasire A,Rwere F,Dzomba P,et al.A new preconcentration technique for the determination of PGMs and gold by fire assay and ICP-OES[J].Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2022,122(2):29-36. [19] 王楠,孙旭东,霍地.小火试金分离富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定矿石样品中的金[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2019,39(8):2614-2617. WANG Nan,SUN Xudong,HUO Di.Determination of gold in mineral samples by atomic absorption spectrometry after the separation and preconcentration with small fire assay[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2019,39(8):2614-2617. [20] WANG N,SUN X D,HUO D,et al.Sensitive determination of platinum and palladium in mineral samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) with mixed releasing agent after the separation and preconcentration with small fire assay[J].Nanpelectronics and Optoelectronics,2021,16(4):157-162. [21] 姚明星,王威,毛香菊,等.铋试金-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量金铂钯钌铑铱[J].冶金分析,2022,42(9):40-47. YAO Mingxing,WANG Wei,MAO Xiangju,et al.Determination of trace gold,platinum,palladium,ruthenium,rhodium and iridium in geochemical sample by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with bismuth fire assay[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2022,42(9):40-47. [22] NI W S,MAO X J,ZHANG H L,et al.Simultaneous determination of ultra-trace Pt,Pd,Rh and Ir in geochemical samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry following tin fire assay preconcentration and microwave digestion[J].Current Analytical Chemistry,2021(17):552-563. [23] NI W S,ZHANG H L,MAO X J,et al.Simultaneous determination of ultra-trace Au,Pt,Pd,Ru,Rh,Os and Ir in geochemical samples by KED-ICP-MS combined with Sb-Cu fire assay and microwave digestion[J].Microchemical Journal,2020(158):105197. [24] 毛香菊,刘璐,肖芳,等.锍镍试金-微波消解-高分辨率连续光源石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定岩石矿物中超痕量铂钯钌铑铱[J].冶金分析,2020,40(3):1-8. MAO Xiangju,LIU Lu,XIAO Fang,et al.Determination of ultra-trace platinum,palladium,ruthenium,rhodium and iridium in rocks and minerals by high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with nickel sulfide fire assay enrichment and microwave digestion[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2020,40(3):1-8. [25] 毛香菊,肖芳,刘璐,等.锍镍试金-高分辨率连续光源石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铬铁矿中铂族元素[J].冶金分析,2020,40(7):40-46. MAO Xiangju,XIAO Fang,LIU Lu,et al.Determination of platinum group elements in chromite by nickel sulfide fire assay-high resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2020,40(7):40-46. [26] NI W S,MAO X J,ZHANG H L.Determination of ultra-trace platinum,palladium,ruthenium,rhodium,and iridium in rocks and minerals by inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry following nickel sulfide fire assay preconcentration and open mixed acid digestion[J].Analytical Letters,2019,52(11):1699-1710. [27] 张永保.地质样品中痕量铑的火试金预富集中子活化分析[J].原子能科学技术,2008,42(4):333-337. ZHANG Yongbao.Determination of trace rhodium in geological samples by fire assay and neutron activation analysis[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2008,42(4):333-337. [28] 刘静,余振宝,汲鹏,等.贵金属分析用分离富集方法进展[J].贵金属,2010,31(2):74-78. LIU Jing,YU Zhenbao,JI Peng,et al.New advance about separation and concentration of precious metals[J].Precious Metals,2010,31(2):74-78. [29] 施意华,熊传信,黄俭惠.共沉淀富集分离—ICP-MS法测定地球化学勘探样品中的超痕量金、铂、钯[J].黄金,2009,30(2):43-45. SHI Yihua,XIONG Chuanxin,HUANG Jianhui.Determination of enrichment and separation of ultra Au,Pt and Pd from geochemical exploration samples by co-precipitation-ICP-MS[J].Gold,2009,30(2):43-45. [30] 何一芳,张学彬.共沉淀分离富集-ICP-AES法测定铜灰渣中金、铂、钯[J].贵金属,2014,35(2):59-63. HE Yifang,ZHANG Xuebin.Determination of gold,platinum and palladium in copper slag by ICP-AES with coprecipitation separation and enrichment[J].Precious Metals,2014,35(2):59-63. [31] 谭文进,郑允,贺小塘,等.碱熔-碲共沉淀富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定石油化工废催化剂不溶渣中铂钯[J].冶金分析,2016,36(2):43-48. TAN Wenjin,ZHENG Yun,HE Xiaotang,et al.Determination of platinum and palladium in insoluble slag of waste catalyst for petrochemical industry by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after alkali fusion-tellurium coprecipitation enrichment[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2016,36(2):43-48. [32] Balaram V,Mathur R,Banakar V K,et al.Determination of the platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold (Au) in manganese nodule reference samples by nickel sulfide fire-assay and Te coprecipitation with ICP-MS[J].Indian Journal of Marine Sciences,2006,35(1):7-16. [33] 吴喜龙,赵雨,贺小塘,等.四甲基氯化铵沉淀法分离提纯铂和钯[J].有色金属,2014(1):50-53. WU Xilong,ZHAO Yu,HE Xiaotang,et al.Separation and purification of platinum and palladium by chloride precipitation[J].Nonferrous Metals,2014(1):50-53. [34] 刘向磊,孙文军,文田耀,等.地质样品中贵金属分析方法现状及展望[J].冶金分析,2022,DOI:10.13228/j.boyuan.issn.1000-7571.011923. LIU Xianglei,SUN Wenjun,WEN Tianyao,et al.Status and prospect of analytical methods for precious metal elements in geological samples[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2022,DOI 10.13228/j.boyuan.issn.1000-7571.011923. [35] Soylak M,Tuzen M.Coprecipitation of gold(Ⅲ),palladium(Ⅱ) and lead(Ⅰ) for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,152(2):656-661. [36] Murray A J,Mikheenko I P,Goralska E,et al.Biorecovery of platinum group metals from secondary sources[J].Advanced Materials Research,2007,20:651-654. [37] GU F,Summers P A,Hall P.Recovering materials from waste mobile phones:Recent technological developments[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2019,237:117657. [38] WANG Z,Sim A,Urban J J,et al.Removal and recovery of heavy metal ions by two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheets:performance and mechanisms[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2018,52:9741-9748. [39] Dobrowolski R,Mróz A,Otto M,et al.Development of sensitive determination method for platinum in geological materials by carbon slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry[J].Microchemical Journal,2015,121:18-24. [40] Jankowski K,Jackowska A,Lukasiak P.Determination of precious metals in geological samples by continuous powder introduction microwave induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry after preconcentration on activated carbon[J].Analytical Chimica Acta,2005,54(1):197-205. [41] XUE D S,WANG H Y,LIU Y H,et al.Multicolumn solid phase extraction with hybrid adsorbent and rapid determination of Au,Pd and Pt in geological samples by GF-AAS[J].Minerals Engineering,2015,81:149-151. [42] WANG Q H,DENG G W,YANG M,et al.Highly efficient absorbing noble metal ions by 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid-modified activated carbon[J].International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry,2016,96(10):990-1002. [43] 王琳,唐志中,来新泽,等.混合吸附剂分离富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中铂钯金[J].岩矿测试,2013,32(3):420-426. WANG Lin,TANG Zhizhong,LAI Xinze,et al.Determination of platinum, palladium and gold in geological samples by bomb-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with concentrate and extraction by mixed absorbent[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2013,32(3):420-426. [44] 王小强,赵亚男,梁倩,等.泡沫塑料富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定金矿石中金[J].中国无机分析化学,2022,12(3):110-114. WANG Xiaoqiang,ZHAO Yanan,LIANG Qian,et al.Determination of gold ores by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with foam plastics enrichment[J].Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry,2022,12(3):110-114. [45] 李杰阳.泡沫塑料富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定矿物中低品位伴生金含量[J].中国无机分析化学,2021,11(3):60-65. LI Jieyang.Determination of low-grade associated gold in minerals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with foam-enriched[J].Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry,2021,11(3):60-65. [46] 陆海川,叶芝祥,丁洋,等.电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定甘肃文县阳山金矿床原生晕样品中金[J].冶金分析,2022,42(1):64-70. LU Haichuan,YE Zhixiang,DING Yang,et al.Determination of gold in primary halo sample from Yangshan gold deposit in Wenxian County Gansu Province by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2022,42(1):64-70. [47] TANG X D,LI Bi,LU J L,et al.Gold determination in soil by ICP-MS:comparison of sample pretreatment methods[J].Journal of Analytical Science and Technology,2020,11(1):1-4. [48] LIU Y H,WANG Z C,XUE D S,et al.An improved analytical protocol for the determination of subnanogram gold in 1-2 g rock samples using GFAAS after polyurethane foam pretreatment[J].Atomic Spectroscopy,2020,41(3):131-140. [49] Tyutyunnik O A,Nabiullina S N,Anosova M O,et al.Determination of trace amounts of platinum group elements and gold in ultrabasic rocks by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using AG-X8 and LN-Resin sorbents[J].Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2022,75(6):769-777. [50] Serbest H,Bakirdere S,Keyf S,et al.Determination of silver in metal plating wastewater by slotted quartz tube flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SQT-FAAS) after preconcentration with stearic acid-coated magnetite naoparticle-based solid-phase microextraction (SA-MNP-APME)[J].Analytical Letters,2022,55(7):1104-1118. [51] 熊文明,周方钦,江放明.纳米氧化铝对贵金属Pd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究[J].分析试验室,2005,24(12):41-43. XIONG Wenming,ZHOU Fangqin,JIANG Fangming.Study on adsorption performance of Pd(Ⅱ) on nanosized Al2O3 with FAAS[J].Chinese Journal of Analysis Laboratory,2005,24(12):41-43. [52] YE J,LU S,TIAN M,et al.Preparation and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles for the on-line determination of gold,palladium,and platinum in mine samples based on flow injection micro-column preconcentration coupled with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry[J].Talanta,2014,118(15):231-237. [53] CHEN S Z,GUO X L,ZHANG Y,et al.Preconcentration of trace gold and silver on titanium dioxide nanotubes and their determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Analytical Methods,2014,6(11):3668-3673. [54] KU S H,BEUM C.Myoblast differentiation on grapheme oxide[J].Biomaterials,2013,34(8):2017-2023. [55] YANG L,JIA F,SONG S,et al.Recovery of [Au(CN)2]- from gold cyanidation with grapheme oxide as adsorbent[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2017,186:63-69. [56] SUN K,PENG W,LI H,et al.Recovery of [Au(CN)2]- with magnetic reduced grapheme oxide hydrogel in aqueous leach solution[J].Hydrometallurgy,2018,176:208-215. [57] LI M,TANG S,ZHAO Z,et al.A novel nanocomposite based silica gel/grapheme oxide for the selective separation and recovery of palladium form a spent industrial catalyst[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2022,386:123947. [58] WANG S,SHEN M,QU J,et al.Synthesis and characterization of mercapto-modified grapheme/multi-walled carbon nanotube aerogles and their adsorption of Au(Ⅲ) from environmental samples[J].Journal of Non-crystalline Solids,2020,536:120008. [59] ZENG T,YU Y,LI Z,et al.3D MnO2 nanotubes@ reduced grapheme oxide hydrogel as reusable adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions[J].Materials Chemical Physcs,2019,231:105-108. [60] YUAN M,YAO H,XIE L,et al.Polypyrrole-Mo3S13:An efficient sorbent for the capture of Hg2+ and highly selective extraction of Ag+ over Cu2+[J].Journals of the American Chemical Society,2019,142(3):1574-1583. [61] QIN Z,TANG X,SU Y,et al.SnS micro/nanocrystals with urchinlike architectures for capture of Au(Ⅲ),Pt(Ⅳ) and Pd(Ⅱ)[J].ACS Applied Nano Materials,2020,3(5):4102-4113. [62] CHEN S,ZI F,HU X,et al.Interfacial properties of mercaptopropyl-functionalised silica gel and its adsorption performance in the recovery of gold(I) thiosulfate complex[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2020,393:124547. [63] LI S,LI J,WANG W,et al.Recovery of gold from wastewater using nanoscale zero-valent iron[J].Environmental Science-Nano,2019,6(2):519-527. [64] Duel P,Gutiérrez M S,Rodríguez P,et al.Removal of Au3+ and Ag+ from aqueous media with magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with squaramide derivatives[J].RSC Advances,2018,8:36123-36132. [65] Amphlett J T,Ogden M D,Foster R I,et al.Polyamine functionalised ion exchange resins:synthesis,characterisation and uranyl uptake[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,334:1361-1370. [66] ZHANG W,WU L,HAN X,et al.Green chemical synthesis of new chelating fiber and its mechanism for recovery gold from aqueous solution[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2019,378:120674. [67] 李飞,鲍长利,张建会.贵金属吸附预富集的新进展[J].冶金分析,2008,28(10):43-48. LI Fei,BAO Changli,ZHANG Jianhui.New advance in adsorption preconcentration for the determination of precious metals[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2008,28(10):43-48. [68] 王帅,钟宏,王仲南,等.选择性吸附贵金属离子的螯合树脂的研究进展[J].应用化工,2010,39(5):747-750. WANG Shuai,ZHONG Hong,WANG Zhongnan,et al.Progress of absorption of precious metal ions of chelating resins[J].Applied Chemical Industry,2010,39(5):747-750. [69] 王琳,于亚辉,来新泽,等.茜素红-S 螯合形成树脂吸附测定地质样品的金、铂和钯[J].贵金属,2019,40(4):34-41. WANG Lin,YU Yahui,LAI Xinze,et al.Determination of gold,platinum and palladium in geological samples adsorbed by alizarin red-S chelate forming resin[J].Precious Metals,2019,40(4):34-41. [70] Dubenskiy A S,Seregina I F,Blinnikova Z K,et al.Investigation of the new sorption preconcentratio systems for determination of noble metals in rocks by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J].Talanta,2016,153:240-246. [71] Ehab A A,Steve V Z,Martine L.Development of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for platinum(Pt),palladium (Pd),and rhodium (Rh) in natural waters[J].Talanta,2019,203:34-48. [72] Ehab A A,Martine L.Elimination of interferences in determination of platinum,palladium and rhodium by diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) using selective elution[J].Talanta,2021,223(2):121771. [73] Ehab A A,Trommetter G,Brion N,et al.Distribution of platinum(Pt),palladium(Pd),and rhodium(Rh) in urban tributaries of the Scheldt River assessed by diffusive gradients in thin films technique(DGT)[J].Science of the Total Environment,2021,DOI: 10.1016/j.sciotenv.2021.147075. [74] Cyganowski P.Synthesis of adsorbents with anion exchange and chelating properties for separation and recovery of precious metals[J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,2020,38(2):143-165. [75] Gadd G M.Biosorption critical review of scientific rationale environmental importance and significance for pollution treatment[J].Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology Biotechnology,2010,84(1):13-28. [76] 商儒,朱能武,康乃馨,等.生物法回收贵金属铂纳米颗粒及其机制[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2799-2806. SHANG Ru,ZHU Nengwu,KANG Naixin,et al.Bio-inspired recovery of platinum nanoparticle and its mechanism[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2799-2806. [77] Kotta P,Yun Y S.L-cysteine impregnated alginate capsules as a sorbent for gold recovery[J].Polymer Degradation and Stability,2014,109:424-429. [78] Woińska S,Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz B.Determination of platinum and palladium in road dust after their separation on immobilized fungus by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2016,6(7):522-528. [79] Kariptas E,Er C,Kiray E,et al.Determination of trace silver by high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry(HR-CS FAAS) after separation/preconcentration on Rhodococcus ruber bacterial biomass[J].Analytical Methods,2016,31(8):4285-4292. [80] Pan H W,Lizuka A,Shibata E.Gold recovery from dilute aqueous solution by a biosorbent derived from woody biomass[J].Chemical Engineering,2021,208(12):1711-1724. [81] Shen N,Chirwa E M N.Live and lyophilized fungi-algae pellets as novel biosorbents for gold recovery: critical parameters, isotherm, kinetics and regeneration studies[J].Bioresource Technology,2020,306:123041. [82] YANG F, FAN Z, ZHAO J, et al. Rapid capture of trace precious metals by amyloid-like protein membrane with high adsorption capacity and selectivity[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2020,8(6):3438-3449. [83] WANG S,WANG H,FU L K.Highly effective and selective adsorption of Au(Ⅲ) from aqueous solution by poly (ethylene sulfide) functionalized chitosan: kinetics, isothermal adsorption and thermodynamics[J].Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2022,DOI:10.1016/j.micormeso.2022.112074. [84] LIU F,ZHOU L,TAO L,et al.Adsorption behavior and mechanism of Au(Ⅲ) on caffeic acid functionalized viscose staple fibers[J].Chemosphere,2020,253:126704. [85] Biswas F B,Rahman I M M,Nakakubo K,et al.Highly selective and straightforward recovery of gold and platinum from acidic waste effluents using cellulose-based bio-adsorbent[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2020:124569. [86] 张思敬.化学改性生物吸附剂对贵金属银的选择性富集及机理[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2019. [87] Hidayah N N,Abidin S Z.The evolution of mineral processing in extraction of rare earth elements using liquid-liquid extraction over liquid-liquid extraction:A review[J].Minerals Engineering,2018,121:146-157. [88] 周西林,王娇娜,梁波,等.乙酸乙酯萃取进样-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定矿石中金[J].冶金分析,2018,38(10):28-33. ZHOU Xinlin,WANG Jiaona,LIANG Bo,et al.Determination of gold in ore by ethyl acetate extraction injection-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry[J].Metallurgical Analysis,2018,38(10):28-33. [89] LIU Y,HE M,HU B.Ultra-trace determination of gold nanoparticles in environmental water by surfactant assisted dispersive liquid liquid microextraction coupled with electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2016,122:94-102. [90] 鲁群苟.新型分散液液微萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中银[J].理化检验(化学分册),2018,54(5):537-540. LU Qungou.GFASS determination of Ag in geological samples with novel dispersive liquid liquid microextraction[J].Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis(Part B:Chemical Analysis),2018,54(5):537-540. [91] Mandal S,Lahiri S.A review on extraction, preconcentration and speciation of metal ions by sustainable cloud point extraction[J].Microchemical Journal,2021,DOI:10.1016/j.microc.2021.107150. [92] Naeemeh Z,Jalal H,Kourosh T H,et al.Ion-association dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of trace amount of gold in water samples and ore using Aliquat 336 prior to inductivity coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry determination[J].Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2020,86:47-52. [93] Zeid A A,Mohamed A H,Erkan Y,et al.A novel deep eutectic solvent microextraction procedure for enrichment,separation and atomic absorption spectrometric determination of palladium at ultra-trace levels in environmental samples[J].Measurement,2020,153:107394. [94] Ozra A,Majid R,Rassoul N,et al.Utilization of a robust syringe-to-syringe displacement-assisted dispersive liquid-phase microextraction to the preconcentration and determination of palladium in environmental samples with the aid of experimental design[J].Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society,2020,17:167-176. [95] Gosterisli T U,Cesur B,Tezgit E,et al.Determination of palladium in precious metal waste by sieve conducted two syringes pressurized liquid phase microextraction(SCTS-PLPME) and slotted quartz tube flame atomic absorption spectrometry(SQT-FASS)[J].Analytical Letters,2022,55(2):175-185. [96] HAN Q,HUO Y Y,YANG X H,et al.Determination of ultra-trace levels of palladium in water samples by cloud point extraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry[J].Journal of Chemical Research, 2021,45(9-10):883-889. [97] HAN Q,HUO Y Y,YANG X H,et al.Cloud point extraction coupled with laser thermal lens spectrometry for determination of trace palladium in environmental water samples[J].Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology,2022,44(1):31-39. [98] 沈宇,张尼,高小红,等.微波消解-双浊点萃取ICP-MS测定地球化学样品中的痕量铂钯钌铑[J].岩矿测试,2016,35(1):259-264. SHEN Yu,ZHANG Ni,GAO Xiaohong,et al.Determination of Pt,Pd,Ru,Rh in geochemical samples by ICP-MS with microwave digestion and dual-cloud point extraction[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2016,35(1):259-264. [99] 刘景龙,韩倩,杨超,等.浊点萃取技术在重金属分析中的应用与进展[J].广州化学,2022,47(3):29-37. LIU Jinglong,HAN Qian,YANG Chao,et al.Application and development of cloud point extraction in heavy metal analysis[J].Guangzhou Chemistry,2022,47(3):29-37.
