Identification and analysis of gangue, coal and jet from Fushun
BI Kai1,2, WU Jing1, FAN Yong1,3, CHU Gang1,3, MENG Zhu*1
1. School of Petrochemical Engineering, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, China; 2. Fushun Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute,Fushun 113006, China; 3. Fushun Amber Research Institute, Fushun 113005, China
Abstract：Many semi-jet and semi-gangue inferior jet products, and many fake natural jet arts and crafts which are crushed with jet particles mixed with rubber and inverted film are flooded in Fushun jet markets.The density, Mohs hardness and phase composition of coal gangue, coal and jet form Fushun in Liaoning Province were investigated in details by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetry analysis (TG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) according to the national standard GB/T 16553-2017 Gems-Testing. The measured density and Mohs hardness of gangue sample was 1.37-1.49 g/cm3 and 3.0-3.5, respectively. The measured density and Mohs hardness of coal sample was 1.23-1.25 g/cm3 and 2.0-2.5, respectively. The measured density and Mohs hardness of jet sample was 1.19-1.30 g/cm3 and 2.0-2.5, respectively. The FT-IR analysis showed that the absorption peak intensity of gangue and jet samples at 1 007 cm-1 and 1 031 cm-1 was obviously stronger than those of coal samples, which was due to the stretching vibration peak of ν (Si-O) group of SiO42+ of inorganic impurity component coated in the samples. Among three samples, the coal gangue had the highest density and hardness; the content of hydrous kaolinite and kaolinite was high, and the thermalgravimetric loss was low. Coal contained fewer inorganic minerals such as kaolinite and hydrous kaolinite, and the coal sample with poor quality contained little quartz. Density and hardness data could be used as the main identification criteria of coal gangue. Jet samples contained few inorganic minerals such as kaolinite and hydrous kaolinite as well as trace quartz. The absorption peaks at 1 031 cm-1 and 777-797 cm-1 in FT-IR analysis were the characteristic peaks of jet, which could be used as the main identification criteria between coal and jet. In addition, the thermalgravimetric loss of jet was slightly higher than that of coal, so the thermogravimetry could be used as a secondary distinguishing criterion.
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