Abstract：The applications of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) in rock analysis was the basis of its application in the field of geology and mineral resources. The application of XRF in rock analysis in China was reviewed from some aspects, including introduction and digestion of modern XRF theory, method and technology, research and application of borate melting sample preparation method, introduction of high-precision and fully automatic modern XRF instrument and software, development and research of matrix effect mathematical correction method, formation of a variety of standard material series, practical application research work, accurate analysis of multi-element of rocks by pressed powder method, the research and application of the analysis and the exploration of the accurate analysis of the major and minor elements of rocks with the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry instrument. Finally, the historical and practical significance of these achievements were reviewed: XRF method, as a fast, accurate and highly automatic modern instrument analysis method, had basically “replaced” the analysis of major, minor and trace elements in traditional chemical methods, and had become the leading method of rock and mineral analysis. This achievement had fundamentally changed the present situation of China′s rock and mineral analysis and set foot on the new era of the development of modern geological analysis. It was mainly reflected in the personnel restructuring of the geological analysis laboratory, the continuous renewal of equipment and resource allocation and the promotion of the development of modern geoscience. It had a milestone position in the historical development of geological analysis technology. In the paper, the latest research work on the development of ultra-fine reference materials and ultra-fine samples was introduced. A standard sample of marine sediment with ultra-fine size was published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). There were 161 citations in the paper.
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